John wrote to commend Gaius for his gracious hospitality and faithful support of trustworthy traveling ministers, indirectly warn the rebellious and prideful leader, Diotrephes, and prepare the way for his own personal visit.
Three men are mentioned by name in 3 John. Gaius is warmly commended for his faithfulness to God and devotion to the truth and his exemplary hospitality to godly messengers. Diotrephes, an arrogant and selfish leader, is denounced for his pride. He had rejected a previous letter from John, personally slandered John and refused to receive John's messenger. He even threatened to excommunicate those who welcomed and accommodated the messengers. Demetrius, perhaps the one who delivered this letter or a pastor in a nearby community, is commended as a man of good reputation and of loyalty to the truth.
Two major features characterize this letter. 1. Though brief, it provides insight into several important facets of early church history toward the end of the first century. 2. There are remarkable similarities between 3 John and 2 John. Still, the two letters differ in one important aspect: 3 John encourages believers to offer hospitality and support for trustworthy traveling ministers, while 2 John urges believers not to welcome or support untrustworthy ministers. His aim is that believers will not mistakenly promote false or destructive ministry, but rather share in the work of those who spread the true message of Christ.
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